PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.
